11000: Knowledge...

[ Author's note: This is a list of many abbreviations and terms that I've
compiled. They are available online as part of the omnicolor/DD mIRC
knowledge server. Type !omni in a hacker channel to see if someone is using
the knowledge server. -oc ]

• ACD -> (A)utomatic (C)all (D)istributor - System that automatically distributes incoming calls evenly to operators or attendents. Routed FIFO.
  
• AIS -> (A)larm (I)ndictation (S)ignal
  
• AMA -> (A)utomantic (M)essage (A)ccounting, capability within an office for automatically recording call info for billing purposes.
  
• AMI -> (A)lternate (M)ark (I)nversion - Signalling format used in T-carrier over copper facilities. Alternates between +1 and -1 for sequential 1's. 0's have no pulse sent. Because no pulse is sent with a zero, users are required to limit 0's to 15 for timing.
  
• ANC -> (A)ll-(N)umber (C)alling - The system of telephone numbering that uses all numbers and replaces the two letter plus five number (2L+5N) numbering plan. Now the nation wide XXX-XXXX standard.
  
• ANI -> (A)utomatic (N)umber (I)dentification, a facility for automatically identifying the number of the calling party for charging purposes.
  
• ANSI -> (A)merican (N)ational (S)tandards (I)nstitute, "ANSI" usually refers to ANSI standard x.64 which specifies a series of codes to control color attributes and cursor positioning
  
• ASCII -> (A)merican (S)tandard (C)ode for (I)nformation (I)nterchange, defines the 128 different characters that can be used for data transmission. (7 bit)
  
• ATM -> Asynchronous Transfer Mode - Cel based, transport and switching technology sed to support the high performance needs of BISDN. Equipment using ATM will provide data transport services such as Frame Relay, SMDS, and cell relay services in addition to the voice, video, and data services conventional ISDN will provide. ATM is a packet oriented transfer mode based on fixed size cells. "Cells are transmitted over a virtual circuit, and routing is performed based on the label contained in the cell eading." ATM is a connection-oriented technique, meaning connections are kept during the call. ATM transmissions are broken into 5 channels: virtual channel level, virtual path level, transmission path level, digital section level, and regenerator section level. The two virtual channels are in the "ATM Layer" and the others are in the "Physical Layer". See BISDN, Virtual Channel Level, Virtual Path Level.
  
• B8ZS -> (B)ipolar 8 (Z)ero (S)ubstitution
  
• BISDN -> Broadband ISDN - Provides comman access, switching, and transport for a variety of services including voice, video, and data at high speeds. See ISDN.
  
• BPV -> (B)i(P)olar (V)iolation - Two successive positive or negative pulses sent down a T1. If detected, T1's mark it as an error. B8ZS and HDB3 both use BPVs to allow users to send more then 15 0's.
  
• BRI -> (B)asic (R)ate (I)nterface - The most common ISDN service. Used by individuals and in small offices. Uses two 64-kbps B channels carrying voice or data and one D channel that carries 16-kbps of signalling information. See ISDN.
  
• CAMA -> (C)entralized (A)utomatic (M)essage (A)ccounting, Centralized AMA. See AMA.
  
• CCIS -> (C)ommon (C)hannel (I)nteroffice (S)ignaling
  
• CCITT -> (C)onsultative (C)ommittee on (I)nternational (T)elephone and (T)elegraph = Committee that develops communications standards for the world
  
• CDO -> (C)ommunity (D)ial (O)ffice
  
• CNA -> (C)ustomer (N)ame and (A)ddress (Also seen as CN/A)
  
• CO -> (C)entral (O)ffice, A switching network and its control and support equipment.
  
• CODEC -> COder/DECoder
  
• COT -> (C)entral (O)ffice (T)erminal
  
• CSU -> (C)hannel (S)ervice (U)nit - Required on customer side of a smartjack on a T1. Can be looped back for testing.
  
• DDL -> (D)erived (D)ata (L)ink - Passes alarm and control information between serving COs and RTs
  
• DLC -> (D)igital (L)oop (C)arrier
  
• DOS -> (D)isk (O)perating (S)ystem
  
• DSI -> (D)igital (S)witch (I)nterface
  
• DTMF -> (D)ual (T)one (M)ulti-(F)requency
  
• ESB -> (E)mergency (S)ervice (B)ureau, centralized agency 911 calls are routed to.
  
• ESF -> (E)xtended (S)uper(F)rame [for D4 formatting]
  
• ESS -> (E)lectronic (S)witching (S)ystem, Class stored switching systems.
  
• ISDN -> (I)ntegrated (S)ervices (D)igital (N)etwork - Uses two B channels, each carrying 64-kbps of data or voice, and one D channel that carries 16-kbps of signalling data. Used to carry digital video, data, or voice communications.
  
• LEC -> (L)ocal (E)xchange (C)ompany
  
• NPA -> (N)umbering (P)lan (A)rea - Also known as area code, the three digits that make up the wide region for countries with the country code of 1. Used to allow direct distance dialing.
  
• NT 1 -> (N)etwork (T)erminator - Device that connects an ISDN line to the ISDN devices. See ISDN
  
• PAM -> (P)ulse (A)mplitude (M)odulation
  
• PCM -> (P)ulse (C)ode (M)odulation
  
• PGP -> (P)retty (G)ood (P)rivacy - Widely used (in the US) public key encryption scheme.
  
• POTS -> (P)lain (O)ld (T)elephone (S)ervice
  
• PPP -> (P)oint-to-(P)oint (P)rotocol - Protocol controlling the way computer connect to networks.
  
• PRI -> The (P)rimary (R)ate (I)nterface consists of twenty-three B channels and a single D channel. PRI is meant for large companies that need many high speed connections.
  
• QRSS -> (Q)uasi-(R)andom (S)ignal (S)ource. Simulates live T1 data. 14 sequential 0 max and 20 sequential 1 max.
  
• RT -> (R)emote (T)erminal
  
• SMDS -> Switched Multimegabit Data Services, first service supporting BISDN. See BISDN.
  
• SPID -> (S)ervice (P)rofile (ID) - Essentially a phone number for an ISDN device. See ISDN.
  
• v.120 -> Protocol that allows non-ISDN devices to fill an entire 64-kbps B channel in order to communicate with an ISDN device. See ISDN.
  
• VCL -> Virtual Channel Level - Concept used to describe unidirectional transport of ATM cells associated by a common unique identifier value (VPI). See BSIDN.
  
• VPL -> Virtual Path Level - Concept used to describe unidirectional transport of cells belonging to virtual channels that are associated by a common unique identifier value (VPI). A virtual path (VP) is a collection of virtual channels (VCs) to be switched as a unit. See BISDN.
  

• Abbreviated Dialing: A PBX feature which allows users to dial calls by using one or two digits. The system translates the abbreviated dial number into an associated destination number for completion of the desired call.
  
• Alerting Signal: A signal sent to the customer's PBX or switching system to indicate an incoming call. Commonly the bell that rings in the telephone set.
  
• Basic Service: Used to mean POTS, now is that provided by the FCC: common carrier offering of transmission capacity for the movement of information between two or more points.
  
• Bandpass Filter: Filter that lets frequencies within it's design range pass through, while blocking frequencies outside it's range.
  
• BONDing: (Bandwidth ON Demand) Describes a proprietary protocol implemented in the hardware that is used to combine both B channels to form a single 128-kbps connection. Hardware implemented.
  
• Bootstrap: technique or device designed to bring itself into a desired state by means of it's own action; for example, a UNIX machine that has the bootup code in the first few bytes of ROM, allowing itself to start up automatically.
  
• Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation: A feature that drops one of two B channels being used for a data connection and automatically gives that channel to an incoming voice call or an outgoing call without disrupting the data connection. When the call is completed, the second B channel is then reassigned to the data connection.
  
• Loop Resistance: Resistance between ring and tip leads.
  
• Multilink PPP: Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol is a multiconnection protocol that lets you bind the two B channels together for a combined throughput of 128-kbps on a single call. Software implemented.
  
• Phone Tones: Busy: 480Hz and 620Hz interupted 60IPMs; The tones on a key pad are a cross between two different tones, which are made by the tone made by row and column. The rows (Also know as the low group) make these tones: (starting from the top) 697Hz, 770Hz, 852Hz, 941Hz. The columns (the high group) make these tones: 1209Hz, 1336Hz, 1477Hz, and 1633Hz. Thus when you press 1, it makes a 697Hz and a 1209Hz tone at the same time.
  
• Red Box tones: Beeps are 2200Hz and 1700Hz. Quarter: 5 beeps at 12-17 pulses per second (PPS); dime: 2 beeps at 5-8.5 PPS; Nickel: 1 beep at 5-8.5 PPS; Green Box tones: send 900Hz and 1500Hz and then one of the following: Coin Collect: 700Hz and 1100Hz; Coin Return: 1100Hz and 1700Hz; Ringback: 700Hz and 1700Hz
  
• Simplex Current: Sum of tip and ring currents on a cable pair. Should be 60mA (tip = 30mA and ring = 30mA)
  
• Smartjack: 2 purposes: Loopback capabilities and demarcation
  
• T1: Digital line capable of handling 24 independent connections, utilizing two wire pairs (one in each direction) running at 1,544,000bps. T1's are digital, so signal does not degrade with distance. T1's use time division multiplexing to combine multiple channels into a single line. True bandwidth is 1.344Mbps due to framing, which uses some. T1's use bipolar electrical impulses, meaning +1 and -1 are both on.
  
• T1 Line Repeater: 1. Eliminates noise and distortion from the signal. 2. Regenerates and amplifies the signal. Common line repeaters are bi-directional and run off of 60mA of simplex current. (placed 3000ft from CO and customer and 6000ft apart in midspan)
  
• T1 Office Repeater: 1. On the transmit side, provides power for the line repeaters. 2. On the recieve side, regenerates the signal. Transmits simplex current to the lines. (located on telephone poles and in manholes)